While states begin to liberalize their laws as early as 1893, the right of all women to vote will not officially become law until ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment on August 18, 1920. Approximately 150 women attempt to vote in 1870, including the Grimke sisters in Boston, Sojourner Truth in Battle Creek, Michigan, and Matilda Joselyn Gage in New York. The 15th Amendment, one of three Amendments passed in response to the Civil War, prohibits the federal government or the state from denying citizens the right to vote based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” Although the Fifteenth Amendment does not specifically prohibit women from voting, it does not specifically guarantee them the right either. Susan Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman Suffrage Association with the primary goal to achieve voting rights for women through a Congressional amendment to the US Constitution. Wyoming becomes the first state to grant women the right to vote when it becomes a state in 1890. The First Legislative Assembly of the territory of Wyoming grants women, over the age of 21, the right to vote and to hold political office. The organization protested the confrontational tactics of the National Woman Suffrage Association and tied itself closely to the Republican Party while concentrating solely on securing the vote for women state by state. Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, Julia Ward Howe, and others form the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA)that focuses exclusively on gaining voting rights for women through amedments to individual state constitutions. National conventions continue to be held yearly (except for 1857) through 1860.
The first National Women’s Rights Convention is held in Worcester, Massachusetts, attracting more than 1,000 participants. For the first time, women are permitted to practice medicine legally. (Digital History ID 2270)Įlizabeth Blackwell becomes the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States from Geneva College in New York. Mount Holyoke Female Seminary is established in Massachusetts by Mary Lyon as the first college for women. Mount Holyoke Female Seminary is established in South Hadley, Massachusetts by Mary Lyon as the first college for women. The Oberlin Collegiate Institute held as one of its primary objectives: "the elevation of the female character, bringing within the reach of the misjudge and neglected sex, all the instructive privileges which hitherto have unreasonably distinguished the leading sex from theirs." While women took courses with men, they pursued diplomas from the Ladies Course. Becomes the first college to admit African Americans and women. Oberlin College in Ohio, becomes the first co-educational college in the U.S. The American Journal of Education wrote that the school should give "women such an education as shall make them fit wives for well educated men, and enable them to exert a salutary influence upon the rising generation." (Digital History ID 2268) The first public high schools for girls open in New York and Boston. Abigail Smith Adams, wife of John Adams, the second president, and mother of John Quincy Adams, the sixth president, writes that women "will not hold ourselves bound by any laws which we have no voice." (Digital History ID 2267) The original 13 states pass laws that prohibit women from voting. Digital History> Timelines>Timeline Topics Timeline for Women's Rights
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